|
|
|
Early Evolution
Course
|
An interdisciplinary seminar course
at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
|
Lecture
hours: |
Thursday
11:00-13:00 (Wolfson lecture hall) |
|
Lecturers |
Prof. Ehud Shapiro |
|
Teaching
Assistants |
Barak Shenhav |
|
For questions, comments, |
Barak Shenhav, barak.shenhav@weizmann.ac.il, |
|
Credits |
2 |
Talks, Olds,
Syllabus, Requirements,
Grade, Registration, Plan, MATLAB, Links, Books
News
30-Jan-2001 Matlab
sessions will take place on 16:00 and not 11:00
as previously announced (no change in days and place).
Talks
Prof. Doron Lancet - What is
biology?
Prof. Ehud Shapiro - What is
computing?
Dr. Guy Sella - What is life?
Daniel Segre - Origin of life
without biopolymers
Students Talks (schedule)
Group 1 - Qusi-species, Error threshold
& Hypercycles
Group 2A - RNA world, In vitro evolution &
Ribozymes
Group 2B - RNA landscape
Group 3A - Von Neumann automaton
Group 3B - Self-replication in silicon
& Cellular automata
Group 4 - Evolution & Self-organization
Group 5A, Group 5B - Self-organization,
Reproduction, Metabolism first & Mutual catalysis (A & B)
Group 6 - Lipid world
Group 7A - Energetics
Group 7B - Information
Group 8 - Lambda calculus & Pi calculus
Group
9A - Tierra
Group 9B - Artificial life
Group 10 - Minimal Cell
Group 11 - Prebiotic Chemistry
Group 12 – Auto-catalitic and
Mutual-catalitic Biopolymers
Olds
9-Nov-2000 Groups,
references and schedule might change!
10-Nov-2000 Group
8 (Lambda calculus & Pi calculus) is currently complete.
16-Nov-2000 Group
3 (Von Neumann automaton, Self-replication in silicon & Cellular automata)
and group 4 (Evolution &
Self-organization) are currently complete.
17-Nov-2000 New subject for student talk is available
(“Minimal Cell”). Note change in course schedule.
19-Nov-2000 Group
4 (Evolution & Self-organization) is open again.
19-Nov-2000 Group
2 (In vitro evolution, Ribozymes & RNA landscape) is currently complete.
20-Nov-2000 Note some changes in references of groups 4, 5
and 6
21-Nov-2000 Group
4 (Evolution & Self-organization) is complete, again.
21-Nov-2000 Group
5 (Self-organization, Reproduction, Metabolism first & Mutual catalysis) is
complete.
20-Nov-2000 Group
2 is divided to two sub-groups. Other
groups will be divided soon.
21-Nov-2000 New subject for student talk is available
(“Prebiotic Chemistry”).
21-Nov-2000 Note some changes in schedule and references
10-Nov-2000 You
should register as soon as possible.
24-Nov-2000 More
Changes in schedule and references
14-Dec-2000 Questionnaire (to be submitted by 28-Dec-2000)
3-Jan-2001 Barak’s
son 0th birthday
11-Jan-2001 Barak’s
son is named Dor
18-Jan-2001 Matlab
sessions were rescheduled
30-Jan-2001 Matlab
sessions will take place on 16:00 and not 11:00
as previously announced (no change in days and place).
30-Jan-2001 Note
the project
description
30-Jan-2001 Note
the course grading policy.
Syllabus:
The origin of life is one of the
major remaining mysteries facing science. The course will review computer
science, biological and chemical literature related to this question, including
the work of computer science pioneer John von Neumann, physicists such as
Freeman Dyson and biological chemists such as Stuart Kauffman, Harold Morowitz
and Manfred Eigen. Topics related to prebiotic evolution and to the emergence
of life will be discussed. This will include theoretical models of
self-reproducing automata, self-reproducing molecular assemblies, simulations
of microscopic physico-chemical properties of mutually catalytic networks,
homeostatic ensembles, quasi-species and hypercycles. Also to be included will
be Artificial Life approaches involving formal languages (e.g.
lambda-calculus), chemical kinetics simulations akin to molecular dynamics, as
well as the origin of the genetic code. The molecular version of the
chicken-egg paradox will be reviewed in light of realistic prebiotic scenarios,
on Earth and elsewhere. This course and seminar is intended for students of
Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry and Physics.
Requirements:
The participants will be divided in
to interdisciplinary teams of 2-3 students. Each team should is expected to
give a talk and submit a project.
Talk
·
Meet its
instructor few weeks prior to the oral presentation.
·
Give an oral
presentation.
·
Provide the
presentation slides in a web publishable format (such as PowerPoint).
Project
·
The project
should be related to the subject of the teams talk, although projects, which
are not related to the presentation, can be considered. A typical project will
present a phenomenon or illustrate an idea on the basis of a simulation. It is
preferred that the ideas for projects will come from the team (course staff
could be consulted).
·
A typical
submission will include (other formats or types of projects can also be
considered upon early approval):
o A short (~2 paragraphs) presentation of the
question that motivates the study.
o A short description of the model underlying
the simulation.
o The output/s of the simulation presented in
comprehendible form.
o A short account explaining the essence of
the results.
o A short discussion (a few paragraphs) explaining
how the study enlightened the motivating question.
o The ‘source’ of the simulation (preferably
MATLAB sources).
o Instructions how to ’use’ the simulation.
·
To make sure
the planned project meets the course's requirements, each group will meet Prof.
Lancet, Prof. Shapiro, or Dr. Guy Sella, to discuss the proposed project at the
stage of ideas and plans, before any significant work is done.
·
The projects
will be submitted by e-mail.
Grade:
The course and seminar grade will
be based on:
·
Project (25%)
·
Oral
presentation (75%)
·
Participation
Registration:
If you
are considering attending this course (even not for credits), please assist us
by sending an E-mail to Barak Shenhav,
with the following details:
·
Last name
·
First Name
·
E-mail
·
Faculty and
department
·
M.Sc. / Ph.D /
other:
·
Credit /
Active participant / Free student
·
Student talk
you would like to join
Thanks
for your collaboration.
Plan:
|
Week |
Given
By |
Topics |
|
|
1 |
16 Nov 2000 |
Prof.
Doron Lancet |
What
is biology? |
|
2 |
23 Nov 2000 |
Prof. Ehud
Shapiro |
What is
computing? |
|
3 |
30 Nov 2000 |
Dr. Guy Sella |
What is life? |
|
Daniel Segre |
Compositional
inheritance: origin of life without biopolymers |
||
|
4 |
7 Dec 2000 |
Student Group 2A (Prof. Doron Lancet) |
RNA world, In
vitro evolution & Ribozymes |
|
Student Group 1 |
Qusi-species,
Error threshold & Hypercycles |
||
|
5 |
14 Dec 2000 |
Student Group 3B |
Self-replication in silicon & Cellular
automata |
|
Student Group 3A |
Von Neumann automaton |
||
|
6 |
21 Dec 2000 |
Student Group 10 |
Minimal cell |
|
Student Group 4 |
Evolution & Self-organization |
||
|
7 |
28 Dec 2000 |
Student Group 12 (Prof. Doron Lancet) |
Auto-catalitic
and Mutual-catalitic Biopolymers |
|
Student Group 2B (Dr. Guy Sella) |
RNA landscape |
||
|
8 |
4 Jan 2001 |
Student Group 5A |
Self-organization,
Reproduction, Metabolism first & Mutual catalysis (A) |
|
9 |
11 Jan 2001 |
Student Group 5B |
Self-organization,
Reproduction, Metabolism first & Mutual catalysis (B) |
|
Dr. Guy Sella |
Genetic Code |
||
|
10 |
18
Jan 2001 |
Student Group 11 |
Prebiotic
Chemistry |
|
Student Group 6 |
Lipid world |
||
|
11 |
25 Jan 2001 |
Student Group 7A |
Energetics |
|
Student Group 7B |
Information |
||
|
12 |
1 Feb 2001 |
Aviv Regev |
|
|
Student Group 8 |
Lambda calculus
& Pi calculus |
||
|
13 |
8 Feb 2001 |
Student Group 9A |
Tierra |
|
Student Group 9B |
Artificial Life |
||
MATLAB:
Elective MATLAB tutorials will be
given in the Ebner computer room (next to Ebner lecture hall).
Sessions
·
Session I -
The MATLAB environment, variables, basic operators, scripts and control
structures (HTML,
PowerPoint)
·
Session II -
2-D and 3-D plots, functions and debugging (HTML,
PowerPoint)
Schedule
·
Sunday, 28
January (11:00-13:00) – Session I (Hebrew)
·
Sunday, 4
February (16:00-18:00) - Session I (English)
·
Sunday, 11
February (16:00-18:00) - Session II (Hebrew)
·
Sunday, 18
February (16:00-18:00) – Session II (English)
Teach yourself MATLAB
”Learning MATLAB” by MathWorks.
Getting
MATLAB
Contact Boris Lourie from Weizmann institute computer center (tel 2443).
Useful links:
Origin of Life
Previous course – The course given in Weizmann on 1998-1999.
Artificial Life
Moshe Sipper – Starting point for artificial life and Self-replication in silicon.
Artificial Life Online 2.0 – Starting point for artificial life and Self-replication in silicon.
MATLAB
Mathworks – The official site of MATLAB.
Relevant
books:
|
|
Freeman J. Dyson, Origins of Life, Oct. 1999 (2nd ed), Cambridge Univ. Press |
|
|
John Maynard Smith, Eors Szathmary, The Origins of Life: From the Birth of Life to the Origin of Language, Nov. 2000, Oxford Univ. Press |
|
|
Moshe Sipper, Evolution of Parallel Cellular Machines: The Cellular Programming Approach, (Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1194), Apr 1997, Springer Verlag |
|
|
David W. Deamer, Gail R. Fleischaker, Origins of Life, Jan 1994, Jones & Bartlett Pub. |
|
|
Christian De Duve, Vital Dust: Life As a Cosmic Imperative, Jan 1996, Basic Books |
|
|
Iris Fry, The Emergence of Life on Earth: A Historical and Scientific Overview, Feb. 2000 Rutgers Univ Press |
|
|
Stuart A. Kauffman, Investigations, Oct 2000, Oxford Univ Press |
|
|
Stuart A. Kauffman, At Home in the Universe : The Search for Laws of Self-Organization and Complexity, May 1996, Oxford Univ Press |
|
|
Stuart A. Kauffman, The Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution, May 1993, Oxford Univ Press |
|
|
Christopher Wills, Jeffrey Bada, The Spark of Life: Darwin and the Primeval Soup, Apr. 2000, Perseus Press |
|
|
Alexander Graham Cairns-Smith, Seven Clues to the Origin of Life: A Scientific Detective Story, Feb. 1991, Cambridge Univ. Press |
|
|
Werner R. Loewenstein, The Touchstone of Life: Molecular Information, Cell Communication, and the Foundations of Life, Jan. 1999, Oxford Univ. Press |
|
|
Aleksandr Ivanovich Oparin, Origin of Life, 1953 (2nd Ed.), Dover Publications Inc. |
|
|
Noam Lahav, Biogenesis: Theories of Life's Origin, Dec. 1998 (Paperback) Jan 1999 (Hardcover), Oxford Univ. Press |
|
|
Christian De Duve, A Guided Tour of the Living Cell |
|
|
Christian De Duve, Blueprint for a Cell : The Nature and Origin of Life, Jan 1991, Carolina Biological Supply Co. |
|
|
Armand H. Delsemme, Christian De Duve, Our Cosmic Origins : From the Big Bang to the Emergence of Life and Intelligence, Oct 2000, Cambridge Univ. Press |
|
|
William Poundstone, The Recursive Universe: Cosmic Complexity and the Limits of Scientific Knowledge |
|
|
Manfred Eigen, Ruthild Winkler-Oswatitsch (Contributor), Paul Woolley (Translator), Steps Towards Life: A Perspective on Evolution, Jun. 1996 (Reprint), Oxford Univ. Press |
|
|
Manfred Eigen, The Hypercycle: A Principle of Natural Self Organization |
|
|
Harold J. Morowitz, Beginnings of Cellular Life: Metabolism Recapitulates Biogenesis (Bio-Origins Series) |
|
|
Harold J. Morowitz, Mayonnaise and the Origin of Life : Thoughts of Minds and Molecules, Feb 1991, Ox Bow Press |
|
|
Christian De Duve, Blueprint for a Cell: The Nature and Origin of Life, Jan. 1991, Carolina Biological Supply Co. |
Group 1: Lotka-Volterra, Qusi-species, Error threshold & Hypercycles
Members:
Mor Dolev (Molecular genetics)
Jan Ihmels (Molecular genetics)
Paper Summaries:
·
Hofbauer
and Sigmund, "The theory of evolution and dynamical systems",p. 77-87
·
M. Eigen,
P.Schuster, "The Hypercycle", Springer-Verlag, 1979
·
J. Maynard
Smith, "Hypercycles and the origin of life", Nature 20:445-6, 1979
· M. Eigen, “Steps towards life : A Perspective on Evolution”, Oxford Univ Press, 1996
· M. Eigen, "Self-organization of matter and the evolution of biological macromolecules", Naturwissenschaften. 1971 Oct; 58(10): 465-523
· M. Eigen, "Natural selection: a phase transition?", Biophys Chem. 2000 Jul 15;85(2-3):101-23
Presentation:
Project:
Group 2A: RNA world, In-vitro evolution
& Ribozymes
Members:
Yanir Rubinstein (CS)
Ilana Schanin (Science Teaching)
Yifat Kolikant (Science Teaching)
Paper Summaries:
·
W.Gilbert,
"The RNA world", Nature, 319, p.618, 1986
·
G.F.Joyce,
"The rise and fall of the RNA world", The New Biologist, Vol.3,
pp.399-407, 1991.
· G.F.Joyce, "RNA evolution and the origins of life", Nature, 338, p.217
· L.E.Orgel, "Molecular replication", Nature, 358, p.203, 1992
Presentation:
Project:
Group 2B: RNA landscape
Members:
Adi Salomon (Chemistry)
Issac Berith (Biochemistry)
Hani Neuvirth (CS)
Paper Summaries:
·
W. Fontana and P. Schuster, “Shaping
Space: The Possible and the Attainable in RNA Genotype-Phenotype Mapping”, J.
Theor. Biol., 194, 491-515 (1998)
·
W. Fontana and P. Schuster, “Continuity in
Evolution: On the Nature of Transitions”, Science, 280, 1451-1455 (1998).
·
P. Schuster, W. Fontana, P. F. Stadler and I.
Hofacker, “From Sequences to Shapes and Back: A Case Study in RNA Secondary
Structures”, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) B, 255, 279-284 (1994)
· M. Huynen, P. F. Stadler and W. Fontana, “Smoothness within Ruggedness: The role of neutrality in adaptation”, PNAS, 93, 397-401 (1996)
· W. Fontana, T. Griesmacher, W. Schnabl, P. F. Stadler and P. Schuster, “Statistics of Landscapes Based on Free Energy, Replication and Degradation Rate Constants of RNA Secondary Structures”, Chemical Monthly, 122, 795-819 (1991)
· Fontana W, Stadler PF, …, Schuster P. "RNA folding and combinatory landscapes", Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics. 1993 Mar; 47(3): 2083-2099
Presentation:
Project:
Group 3A: Von Neumann automaton
Members:
Olga Grinchtein (CS)
Evgeniy Bart (CS)
Paper Summaries:
·
A.W.Burks,
"Von Neumann's self-reproducing automata", Essay 1 from Essays on
Cellular Automata, ed. By A.W.Burks, Univ. of Illinois Press
·
J. Beuchat, J.
Haenni, “Von Neumann’s 29-State Cellular Automaton: A Hardware Implementation”,
IEEE Transactions On Education, Vol. 43 (3), 2000.
Jason Friedman
(CS) Byung-Woo Hong
(CS) ·
M.Sipper,
“Fifty years of research on self replication – an overview”, Artificial Life,
4, 237 (1998) ·
G.Tempesti,
D.Mange, A.Stauffer, “Self-Replication and Self-Repairing Multicellular
Automata”, Artificial Life, 4, 259 (1998) ·
C.G.Langton,
“Self-reproduction in cellular automata”, Physica D, 10, 135-144 (1984) ·
C.G.Langton,
“Studying artificial life with cellular automata”, Physica D, 22, 120-149
(1984) HTML,
PowerPoint,
videos: Pump
(19Mb), Glider
(17Mb), Shoter
(80Mb), Langton
(81Mb) Lior Noy
(CS) Max Chvalevsky
(CS) Khalil
Kashkush (Plant sciences) ·
A.I.Oparin,
"Evolution of self-assembly of probionts", BioSystems, 12,
133-145,1980 ·
A.I.Oparin,
"The origin of the first organisms", chapter from The Origin of Life
on the Earth, Oliver and Boyd, 1957, p.347 ·
A.I.Oparin,
"Origin of prebiological systems", chapter from Genesis and
Evolutionary Development of Life, Academic Press, 1968, pp.101-125 ·
T.H.Jukes,
“Oparin and Lysenko”, J Mol Evol. 1997 Oct;45(4):p339-40. ·
Miller SL,
Schopf JW, Lazcano A. “Oparin's ‘Origin of Life’: sixty years later”, J Mol
Evol. 1997 Apr;44(4):351-3 ·
Lazcano
A.,”chemical evolution and the primitive soup: did Oparin get it all right? ”,
J Theor Biol. 1997 Jan 21;184(2):219-23 Gilad Doitsh
(Molecular genetics) Yaki Setty
(Bioinfomatics) Eran Keydar
(CS) ·
F.Dyson,
"A model for the origin of life", J.Mol.Evol, 1982 ·
F.Dyson,
"Origins of life", Cambridge Univ.Press, 2000. ·
F. Stadler, W.
Fontana, J. H. Miller, “Random Catalytic Reaction Networks”, Physica D, 63,
378-392 (1993) ·
W. Fontana ,
“Functional Self-Organization in Complex Systems”, 1990 Lectures in Complex
Systems, SFI Studies in the Sciences of Complexity, Lecture Notes Vol. III,
L.Nadel and D.Stein (eds.), pp. 407-426, Addison-Wesley, 1991 Ya'ara
Goldschmidt (Bioinfomatics) Shai Mor
(CS) ·
Kauffman,
"Autocatalytic sets of proteins", J.theor.Biol., 119, 1-24, 1986 ·
Kauffman,
"Origin of Order", Oxford University Press, 1998 ·
R.J.Bagley
and J.D.Farmer, "Spontaneous emergence of a metabolism", in
Artificial Life II, SFI studies in the science of complexity, ed. by C.G.Langton
et al., Addison-Wesley, 1991 ·
M. Huynen, P.
F. Stadler, W. Fontana, “Smoothness within Ruggedness: The role of neutrality
in adaptation”, PNAS, 93, 397-401 (1996) ·
J.D. Farmer,
S. Kauffman and N.H. Packard, “Autocatalytic Replication of Polymers”, Physica D,
22, 50-67 (1986) Mark Vilensky
(Environmental Sciences) Iris
Visoly-Fisher (Materials & Interfaces) Neri Minsky (LS) ·
C.Tanford,
"The hydrophobic effect and the organization of living matter",
Science, 200, p1012-1018, 1978 ·
P.A.Bachmann
et al., "Autocatalytic self-replicating micelles as a model for prebiotic
structures", Nature 357, p57-59, 1992 ·
Ourisson,
G. and Y. Nakatani. “The terpenoid theory of the origin of cellular life: the
evolution of terpenoids to choloesterol.” Chemistry & Biology, 1, p11-23,
1994. ·
D.Segre,
D.Ben-Eli, D.W.Deamer, D.Lancet, “The Lipid World”, Origins Life Evol.
Biosphere, in press ·
P.L.Luisi et
al. "Enzymatic RNA synthesis in self-reproducing vesicles: an approach to
the construction of a minimal synthetic cell" ·
D.Segre',
D.Lancet, O.Kedem and Y.Pilpel, "Graded Autocatalysis Replication Domain (GARD):
kinetic analysis of self-replication in mutually catalytic sets", Origins
Life Evol.Biosphere, 28:501-514, 1998 Kobi Benenson
(CS) ·
Rees DC,
Howard JB, “Structural bioenergetics and energy transduction mechanisms”, J MOL
BIOL 293: (2) 343-350 OCT 22 1999 ·
Kurzynski M,
“Importance of intramolecular protein dynamics to kinetics of biochemical
processes”, CELL MOL BIOL LETT 4: (1) 117-130 1999 ·
Mogi K, “On
the absolute meaning of the energy scale similar-to-kT in the thermal
interference involved in enzyme-coupled reactions”, P ROY SOC LOND A MAT 445:
(1925) 529-541 JUN 8 1994 ·
Yamato I,
“Ordered binding model as a general tight coupling mechanism for bioenergy
transduction – a hypothesis”, P JPN ACAD B-PHYS 69: (8) 218-223 OCT 1993 ·
Otsuka J,
Nozawa Y, “Self-reproducing system can behave as Maxwell's demon: Theoretical
illustration under prebiotic conditions”, J THEOR BIOL 194: (2) 205-221 SEP 21
1998 Michel
Vidal-Naquet (CS) Ella Zak
(Materials and Interfaces) ·
Ebeling W,
Feistel R, “Theory of self-organization and evolution – the role of entropy,
value and information”, J NON-EQUIL THERMODY 17: (4) 303-332 1992 ·
Wagensberg J,
“Complexity versus uncertainty: The question of staying alive”, BIOL PHILOS 15:
(4) 493-508 SEP 2000 HTML
(part 1), HTML
(part 2), PowerPoint
(part 1), PowerPoint
(part 2) Amos Korman
(CS) Ofer
Feinerman (Physics) Yoav Rodeh
(CS)
·
W.Fontana and
L.W.Buss, "What would be conserved if 'the tape were played twice'?",
1994 ·
W.Fontana,
"Algorithmic Chemistry", Artificial Life II, p.159, 1991 ·
P.F.Stadler,
et al., "Random catalytic reaction networks" ·
W. Fontana et
al., "Beyond digital naturalism", Artificial Life, 1994 Alex
Shpunt (CS) Elad Glienart ·
C.ADAMI, “Learning
and complexity in genetic auto-adaptive systems”, PHYSICA D 80: (1-2) 154-170,
1995 HTML,
PowerPoint,
Movie
(2Mb) Ann Rapoport (CS) Eyal Lev (CS) Orna Fallik
(Science Teaching) ·
G.Nuno,
H.Pereira, J.A.Lima, A.Rosa, “Gaia: an artificial life environment for
ecological systems simulations”, Artificial life V, MIT press, p.124, 1996 ·
K.Downing
and P.Zvirinsky, "The simulated evolution of biochemical guilds:
reconciling Gaia theory and natural selection”, Artificial Life 5 (4) 291 ·
E.M.A.Ronald,
M. Sipper, M.S. Capcarrere, “Design, observation, surprise! a test of
emergence”, Artificial Life 5 (3) 225 Ronen Zaidel Bar
(Molecular Cell Biology) Alexander
Levitan (Plant Science) Eti Meiri
(Plant Science) ·
C.A.Hutchison,
S.N.Peterson, S.R.Gill, R.T.Cline, O.White, C.M.Fraser, H.O.Smith, J.C.Venter,
“Global Transposon Mutagenesis and a Minimal Mycoplasma Genome” ·
V.C.Wasinger,
J.D.Pollack , I.Humphery-Smith, “The proteome of Mycoplasma genitalium:
Chapssoluble component”, Eur J Biochem 267:1571-1582, 2000 ·
E.V.Koonin,
“HOW MANY GENES CAN MAKE A CELL: The Minimal-Gene-Set Concept”, Annu. Rev.
Genom. Hum. Genet. 1: 99-116, 2000 Mao Tang
(Materials & interfaces) Ravid
Yiron-dar (Science Teaching) Michael Montag
(Structural Biology) ·
S.L.Miller,
H.C.Urey, "Organic Compound Synthesis on the Primitive Earth”, Science,
130, 245-251,1959 ·
J.Oro,
"Mechanism of Synthesis of Adenine from Hydrogen Cyanide under Possible
Primitive Earth Conditions”, Nature, 191, 1193-1194, 1961 ·
S.L.Miller,
"A production of amino acids under possible primitive earth
conditions", Science, 117, p.528-529, 1953 ·
H.C.Urey,
"On the early chemical history of the earth and the origin of life",
PNAS, 38, pp.351-363, 1952 ·
M.Levy and
S.L.Miller, "The stability of the RNA bases: Implications for the origin
of life", PNAS, 95, 7933-7938,1998 ·
Schlesinger G,
Miller SL, “Prebiotic synthesis in atmospheres containing CH4, CO, and CO2,
Hydrogen cyanide, formaldehyde and ammonia”, J Mol Evol. 1983;19(5):383-90. ·
Sanchez RA,
Ferris JP, Orgel LE, “Studies in prebiotic synthesis: Synthesis of purine
precursors and amino acids from aqueous hydrogen cyanide”, J Mol Biol. 1967 Dec
14;30(2):223-53 ·
Rabinowitz J,
Chang S, Ponnamperuma C, “Phosphorylation by way of inorganic phosphate as a
potential prebiotic process”, Nature. 1968 May 4;218(140):442-3 ·
Reid C, Orgel
LE, Ponnamperuma C. “Nucleoside synthesis under potentially prebiotic
conditions”, Nature. 1967 Dec 2;216(118):936 ·
Allen WV,
Ponnamperuma C, “A possible prebiotic synthesis of monocarboxylic acids”, Curr
Mod Biol. 1967 Mar;1(1):24-8 HTML (part 1), HTML
(part 2), PowerPoint (part 1), PowerPoint
(part 2) Hagit
Kornreich (Organic Chemistry) Eylon Yavin
(Organic Chemistry) Ovadia Abed
(Organic Chemistry) ·
D.H.Lee et
al., "A self replicating peptide", Nature 382, p.525, 1996 ·
D.H.Lee et
al., "Emergence of symbiosis in peptide self-replication through a
hypercyclic network", Nature, 390, p.591, 1997 ·
Sievers D, von
Kiedrowski G., “Self-replication of complementary nucleotide-based oligomers”,
Nature, 369, p.221-4, 1994 ·
S.Kauffman,
"Even peptides do it", Nature 382, p.496, 1996 HTML
(part 1 & 2), HTML
(part 3), PowerPoint
(part 1 & 2), PowerPoint
(part 3), Animation
(part 1 & 2) , Animation
(part 3) Last updated on 11 February 2001Presentation:
Project:
Group
3B: Self-replication in silicon & Cellular automata
Members:
Paper Summaries:
Presentation:
Project:
Group
4: Evolution & Self-organization
Members:
Paper Summaries:
Presentation:
Project:
Group 5A: Self-organization, Reproduction, Metabolism first & Mutual
catalysis
Members:
Paper Summaries:
Presentation:
Project:
Group 5B: Self-organization, Reproduction, Metabolism first & Mutual
catalysis
Members:
Paper Summaries:
Presentation:
Project:
Group
6: Lipid world
Members:
Paper Summaries:
Presentation:
Project:
Group
7A: Energetics
Members:
Paper Summaries:
Presentation:
Project:
Group
7B: Information
Members:
Paper Summaries:
Presentation:
Project:
Group
8: Lambda calculus & Pi calculus
Members:
Paper Summaries:
Presentation:
Project:
Group 9A: Tierra
Members:
Paper Summaries:
Links:
Presentation:
Project:
Group 9B: Artificial life
Members:
Paper Summaries:
Links:
Presentation:
Project
Group
10: Minimal Cell
Members:
Paper Summaries:
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11: Prebiotic Chemistry
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Group 12: Auto-catalitic and Mutual-catalitic Biopolymers
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